RE; UC San Diego u-p element (saturated soil)

[chiawlryan]

Hi everyone,

After examining the available u-p elements, I've noticed that the formulation of fluid-solid coupling in these elements is based on the u-p formulation.

I'm curious if there's a fully dynamic formulation available, which considers fluid inertial effects, particularly using the full Biot theory. This would be particularly useful for scenarios involving extremely rapid motions.

If anyone has information on which element or material utilizes this fluid-soil coupling formulation, I would greatly appreciate your assistance.

Thank you in advance for your help!

Sincerely,
Ryan